Trivial names of fatty acids-Part 2
The Author: Dr. Albert J. Dijkstra
Introduction
In 1930, Steger and Van Loon, encountered an unknown, heavily unsaturated fatty acid in the seeds of Couepia grandiflora and not surprisingly, they called it “Couepinezuur”, which can be translated into English as ‘couepinic acid’ (Rev. Trav. Chim., 50, 936 (1931) and 51, 345 (1932)). A few years later Brown and Farmer (Biochem. J., 29, 631 (1935)) isolated a fatty acid from oiticica oil (Licania rigida) and called it ‘α-Licanic acid’ (9Z,11E,13E)-4-Oxooctadeca-9,11,13-trienoic acid). Then they discovered that it was the same acid as described by Steger and Van Loon. In the list, both names are mentioned whereby the ‘couepinic acid’ refers to the ‘α-Licanic acid’.
This example, given by Boekenoogen (De Scheikunde der Oliën en Vetten, N.V. A. Oosthoek’s Uitgevers Mij, Utrecht, The Netherlands, 1948) clearly illustrates that the allocation of trivial names to fatty acid can be rather chaotic. Fatty acids may have a trivial name in one language and a quite different trivial name in another and in addition, things change. Boekenoogen (loc. cit.) advocates to scrap the name ‘carnaubic acid’ when this ‘acid’ turned out to be an impure sample of lignoceric acid. Accordingly, the entry ‘carnaubic acid’ refers to ‘lignoceric acid’. Fatty acids may have a trivial name in one language but not, or not yet in others since the need to use a trivial name in those other languages had not yet arisen. However, when an occasion to use such a trivial names arises, this can be met in three different ways. It can be ignored by using the systematic name. A new, local trivial name can be coined or the existing, foreign language (i.e. English) trivial name can be transcribed.
But take ‘fumaric acid’, ‘stearic’, and ‘margaric acid’. All three of them end on “...aric”, but their German translations are ‘Fumarsäure’, Stearinsäure and ‘Margarinsäure’. What is the rule and what is the exception? Should the rule be that ‘..aric acid’ becomes ‘..arsäure’ as in Fumarsäure or becomes ‘...arinsäure’ as in Stearinsäure and Margarinsäure? Well, it so happens that Stearinsäure and Margarinsäure are the only acids listed in Table 1 (Part 1) that have the ‘...arinsäure’ translation, so these acids become the exception and the translation to ‘...arsäure’ is the rule. In fact, the exceptions are not that exceptional since a general rule will be given that ‘...ic acid’ is transcribes as ‘...insäure”
After the description of the transcription rules, a table (Table 3) is given that has the same list of fatty acids as Table 1 (Part 1). This table lists the Russian and Japanese names and for ease of reference, I have also included the exceptions. So this table has four columns:
- The trivial English name. Accordingly, this column is identical to the column of Table 1.
- The exceptions and illustrations. For some fatty acids, this columns lists per language (DE, German; ES, Spanish; FR, French. IT, Italian; NL, Dutch; PT, Portuguese) the non-English trivial names that are exceptions to the transcription rules. For instance: According to the transcription rules from English to German, ‘butyric acid’ should be ‘Butyrinsäure’. Instead it is ‘Buttersäure’ so the latter is mentioned in this column. According to the transcription rules English to French, the same acid should be ‘acide butyrique’ in French; this is the correct translation so no mention is made in the exception column.
- The Katakana transcription into Japanese, which column also contains some Japanese trivial names.
- The Russian trivial names that have been retrieved from Russian literature. Consequently, this column has a fair number of blank cells. No attempt has been made so far to arrive at transcription rules from English to Russian that would allow to fill these blank cells
Transcription from English into French
The trivial names I managed to find in French can all be arrived at by changing the final ‘c’ in the English name by ‘que’. Accordingly, “lauric acid” is translated into “acide laurique”. The spelling of what comes before that final ‘c’ remains unchanged but may need one or more accents. In French, the ‘ai’ indicating a single trans bond like in elaidic acid, changes to ‘aï’, with a diaeresis mark on the ‘i’ to indicate that it is sounded separately as in ‘naïve’, acide élaïdique. In addition, the letter ‘e’ is given an acute accent because it occurs at the end of a syllable that is followed by one or more syllables. So the ‘e’ in ‘acide’ does not get an acute but in “acide cétoléique” both ‘e’s get an acute. Because the ‘e’ before the ‘i’ in ‘cétoléique’ has this acute accent that indicates that it is the end of a syllable, there is no need to put a diaeresis mark in the ‘i’.
There are several trivial names for fatty acids that refer to a person, for instance “Mead’s acid”. In French, this becomes “acide de Mead” (about 19,000 hits in Google). In fact, I made extensive use of Google to arrive at this and similar findings. I therefore advise readers to verify names in French and other languages by searching for them in Google. This also told me that the translation of ‘farnesenic acid’ into French is ‘acide farnesénique’ and not ‘acide farnésénique’ (with two acutes).
The French systematic names of fatty acids can also be easily be formed from the English names by changing the ending ‘oic’ to ‘oïque’, where the diaeresis mark indicates that the ‘o’ is the end of a syllable. Acute accents occur on the e’s in numeral parts like ‘tétra’ and déca’, and when unsaturation is indicated by an ‘e’ as in oleic acid: “acide octadécénoïque”. How to indicate the position of the double bond is as confusing in France as elsewhere. I have come across: “acide cis-9-octadécénoïque”, “acide cis-octadéc-9-énoïque” and “acide cis octadécène-9-oïque”, where the last version also shows a grave accent on the ‘e’.
Transcription from English into Spanish and Portuguese
Since I know neither Spanish nor Portuguese, I had to call on the local fatty acid experts mentioned in Part 1. I am most grateful to them both. It soon became clear to me that the transcription rules to Spanish and Portuguese would be far more complicated than those into French but that they would have a lot in common so I tried to combine these two sets of rules. For instance, in both languages the word for acid (ácido) is written in front of the name like in French and Italian, rather than behind like in English, German, etc. Both languages also indicate which syllable in a word has to be stressed if this is not the one but last.
- As a rule, the English name can be translated into Spanish or Portuguese by adding the letter “o” to the name: “linoleic acid” → “ácido linoleico”.
- In this example, the word ‘linoleico’ has no stress accent, which implies that the stress falls on the one but last (penultimate) syllable, which in this case is the ‘ei’. The vowels a, e, and o are strong in Spanish. They always form their own syllable wherever they appear. The vowels u and i are weak, and when a weak vowel is next to a strong vowel or another weak vowel, they AUTOMATICALLY form a diphthong, that is, just one syllable. An accent mark will also be placed over a weak vowel (u or i) in order to break an automatic diphthong. In this case the word would have an extra syllable. Fatty acids, which always end on the vowel ‘o’, have the stress nearly always on the second but last syllable, so this has to be indicated by an acute. Accordingly “caproic acid” becomes “ácido capróico” with an acute accent on the ‘o’. Fatty acids that end in English on ‘eic’ or ‘aic’ are stressed on these syllables in Spanish and Portuguese so they don’t need an accent: “ácido oleico”, “ácido azelaico”
- 2.1. In Portuguese, there is a different accent on the strong vowels ‘a’, the ‘e’ and the ‘o’ when they stand before an ‘n’ or an ‘m’. So “isanic acid” becomes “ácido isânico” in Portuguese”. In Spanish, this will be “ácido isánico”.
- Names that in English start with an ‘s’ followed by a consonant such as “stearic acid” and “sterculic acid” get an ‘e’ in front of them when they are translated into Spanish or Portuguese, cf. Spain → España. So “stearic acid” becomes “ácido esteárico”. This also holds when the name starts with a prefix like ‘eleo’, ‘iso’, ‘neo’ or ‘subtilo’. For example “ácido isoesteárico” or “ácido demoespôngico”.
- In both languages, the ‘k’ only exists in words like kilogram. I am willing to bet that Spanish and Portuguese Scrabble® games do not include a ‘k’. This is a fairly safe bet since I know that the French Scrabble® does not have a ’k’. On translation, the ‘k’ is changed. When followed by an ‘i’, it becomes ‘qu’ and when followed by an ‘e’ or an ‘o’, it becomes a ‘c’ So “bolekic acid” becomes “ácido boléquico” and “bolekolec acid” becomes “ácido bolecólico”.
- With the ‘ch’ similar rules apply. When in front of an ‘i’ or ‘e’, it is changed into ‘qu’: “arachidic acid becomes “ácido araquídico”. When followed by another letter, it becomes a ‘c’; “selacholeic acid” becomes therefore “ácido selacoleico”.
- Every ‘y’ in English names should be replaced by an ‘i’ in both languages: y → i. That holds for names such as “acrylic” (“acrílico”) or “isobutyric” (“isobutírico”) and for prefixes and postfixes. “hydroxy” becomes ‘hidroxi”, “...ynoic” becomes “...inóico”, etc.
- The ‘h’ in the ‘th’ in English names should be scrapped in both languages: th → t. So “eranthic acid” is translates as “ácido erántico”(Spanish) or “ácido erântico” (Portuguese).
- 7.1. In Portuguese, the ‘h’, when between two vowels, such as in “behenic acid” is deleted as well: “ácido beénico” but in Spanish, the ‘h’ is maintained (“ácido behénico”).
- 7.2. The ‘gh’ in English names becomes ‘gu’ on translation: “gheddic acid’ translates into “ácido guédico”
- 7.3. The ‘sh’ in English names is translated to‘ch’: “goshuyic acid” becomes “ácido gochuico”
- 7.4. The ‘h’ in English names starting with ‘dehydro’ also disappears on translation into Portuguese and is replaced by an ‘s’: “dehydrocrepenynic acid” becomes “ácido desidrocrepenínico”, but in Spanish it is “ácido dehidrocrepenínico”.
- 7.5. In Portuguese, the ‘h’ is maintained when it is the first letter of the word. So in names like ‘ácido heptanóico’, the ‘h’ is not deleted and when names starting with an ‘h’ have a prefix that ends on a vowel, a hyphen is inserted between the prefix and the name: “ácido di-homolinoleico”, “ácido iso-heptanóico” or ”ácido docosa-hexenóico”; no such hyphens are inserted into Spanish names.
- Similarly, the ‘h’ coming after an ‘r’ in English names should be dropped on transcribing: “rhodinic acid” → “ácido rodínico”
- And again the ‘h’ after a ‘g’ is omitted on translation into Portuguese: “roughanic acid” → “ácido rugânico”
- 9.1. The name of this acid also shows that in Portuguese, the ‘ou’ has to be changed to an ‘u’ on translation. “Couepinic acid” is “ácido cuepínico” in Portuguese, but in Spanish, the ‘ou’ is kept: “ácido couepínico”.
- If the ‘h’ in the English name is preceded by a ‘p’, this ‘ph’ is changed into an ‘f’ on translation: “ephedrenic acid” → “ácido efedrénico”.
- Both Spanish and Portuguese have rules about double consonants like the two c’s in ‘vaccenic acid.
- 11.1. One of these c’s is deleted on translating into Spanish or Portuguese so that on translation, “vaccenic acid” becomes “ácido vacénico”; there is an exception though in that ‘succinic acid’ keeps its to c’s on translation: “ácido succínico” in both Spanish and Portuguese.
- 11.2. The double ‘d’ becomes a single ‘d’ after translation: “geddic acid” becomes “ácido gédico”
- 11.3. Double l’s also becomes a single ‘l’ on translation: “laballenic acid” becomes “ácido labalénico”.
- 11.4. This also holds for the double ‘n’: “thynnic acid” becomes “ácido tínico”, which translation also illustrates points 5 and 6 above.
- 11.5. Similarly for the double ‘r’: “kerrolic acid” becomes “ácido cerólico”, which translation illustrates point 4 above.
- 11.6. Finally the double ‘t’ is also changed into a single one: So “ambrettolic acid” becomes: “ácido ambretólico”.
- 11.7. In Portuguese, a single s is changed into a double one in “hydrosorbic acid”, which becomes “ácido hidrossorbico” and “physeteric acid”, which becomes “ácido fissetérico” when the ‘s’ is pronounced as an ‘s’. When the pronunciation is softer, more like a ‘z’ as in “petroselic acid”, a single ‘s’ is written: “ácido petrosélico”.
Transcription from English into Italian
Since I don’t know Italian either, I had to rely on expert advice that is hereby warmly acknowledged. Like the translation into Spanish and Portuguese, the translation from English into Italian can also be summarised in a number of consecutive rules.
- As in the other Romanic languages, the word ‘acido’ (acid) is put in front of the trivial name, but unlike Spanish or Portuguese, it carries no accent.
- The Italian trivial name can be arrived at by putting an ‘o’ behind the English trivial name: ‘cerotic acid’ becomes ‘acido cerotico’.
- Change any ‘y’ in the English name to an ‘i’: ‘pyruvic acid’ translates into ‘acido piruvico’, and ‘acrylic acid’ becomes ‘acido acrilico’.
- Like Spanish and Portuguese, Italian does not use the ‘ph’ either; it should be changed into an ‘f’: ‘phytanic acid’ becomes ‘acido fitanico’, which example also illustrates rule 3 (y → i).
- Delete any ‘h’ from the English name if it starts with an ‘h’ or the ‘h’ follows a vowel: ‘homophytanic acid’ becomes ‘acido omofitanico’, which example also illustrates two previous rules (y → i and ph → f); ‘behenic acid’ becomes ‘acido beenico’ and ‘dihomolinoleic acid’ becomes ‘acido diomolinolenico’. However, after a consonant, the ‘h’ is retained: ‘shibic acid’ translates into ‘acido shibico’.
- Change ‘x’ to ‘ss’: ‘taxoleic acid’ becomes ‘acido tassoleico’. However, this rule does not apply when the trivial name starts with an ‘x’: ‘ximenic acid’ retains its ‘x’ in ‘acido ximenico’.
Transcription from English into German and Dutch
As opposed to Spanish, Portuguese, Italian and French, the German and Dutch languages have coined quite a few trivial names of their own. Take acetic acid for instance. German and Dutch call this “vinegar acid” and that is what it is. Those trivial names and irregular names that are not to be translated according to the rules to be given below, have therefore been incorporated in Table 3 below after the English trivial name.
If the German or Dutch language has not a trivial name of its own, the English name can be transcribed by using the rules listed in Table 2 below. This table is based on the endings of the trivial names. So the ending ‘...alic acid” indicates the group of acids to which ‘malvalic acid’ belongs. In the column indicating how to translate this acid into German, it reads “ → ...ansäure” which means that the German word for ‘malvalic acid is ‘Malvansäure’.
The endings have been listed alphabetically except for the last one. That ending rule can only be applied when none of the others can be applied. For instance, “elaidic acid” has an ending ‘...idic’. This has not been listed, so the last rule applies leading to Elaidinsäure/elaidinezuur. I have arrived at these rules by first of all using the German fatty acid names listed in the SOFA website and the Dutch names given by Boekenoogen (loc.cit), and using Google to see if a ‘translated’ name existed. If the attempted translation turned out to exist, it confirmed the rule. If no hits were found, this indicated that no trivial name had been coined as yet. It is interesting to note that Boekenoogen, to whom I am distantly related, coined a number of Dutch names himself when referring to Japanese literature about highly unsaturated fatty acids in whale oil.
If the English name referred to another, more frequently used name, only the latter was taken into account when listing the trivial names that have precedence over the translation rules. Fatty acids named after a person (Mangold’s acid, Mead’s acid, Mikusch’s acid and Osbond’s acid) keep these names, except that in German, Mikusch gets his prefix ‘von’ back: “Von Mikusch Säure”. Although halphen acid is named after G. Halphen, this acid is not called Halphen’s acid; it is also known as halphenic acid, malvalic acid, malvalinic acid and malvic acid. English names with other endings such as “mycomycin” do not change on translation; similarly ‘jacaranda acid’ becomes ‘Jacarandasäure’ in German.
Table 3 | |||
Trivial name (acid) | Exceptions/Examples | Japanese name | Russian name |
Acetic | DE: Essigsäure NL: azijnzuur |
酢酸、 ビネガー酸 | Уксусная |
Acetonic | アセトン酸 | α-гидроксиизомасляная | |
Acrylic | アクリル酸 | Акриловая | |
Adipic | アジピン酸 | Адипиновая | |
Adrenic | アドレン酸 | Адреновая | |
Agonandoic | アゴナンドン酸 | Крепениновая | |
Agonandric | アゴナンド酸 | ||
Ajenoic | アジェン酸 | ||
Alchornoic | アルコルノ酸 | Алхорниевая | |
Alepramic | アレプラ酸 | Алепрамиковая | |
Aleprestic | アレプレスト酸 | Алепрестовая | |
Alepric | NL: aleprazuur | アレプリン酸 | Алеприновая |
Aleprolic | アレプロール酸 | Алепроловая | |
Aleprylic | アレプリル酸 | Алеприловая | |
Aleuritic | アロイリチン酸 | Алейритовая | |
Alvaradoic | DE: Alvaradoasäure | ||
Alvaradonic | |||
Ambrettolic | アンブレットール酸 | Амбреттоловая | |
Anacyclic | DE: Anacyclussäure | ||
Angelic | DE: Angelicasäure/ Angelikasäure |
アンゲリカ酸、 アンジェリカ酸 | Ангеликовая |
Anteisoheptadecanoic | アンテイソヘプタデカン酸、 アンテイソマーガリン酸 |
||
Anteisononadecanoic | アンテイソノナデカン酸 | ||
Anteisononanoic | アンテイソノナン酸 | См. Изопеларгоновая | |
Anteisopentadecanoic | アンテイソペンタデカン酸 | ||
Anteisotridecanoic | アンテイソトリデカン酸 | ||
Apionic | アピオン酸 | ||
Aquilegic | DE: Aquilegiasäure | ||
Arachidic | DE: Arachinsäure IT: acido arachico NL: arachinezuur |
アラキジン酸 | Арахиновая |
Arachidonic | アラキドン酸 | Арахидоновая | |
Argemonic | |||
α-Artemisolic | コリオール酸 | ||
Asclepic | アスクレピン酸 | Асклеповая | |
Athanacalvic | |||
Auricolic | アウリコール酸 | ||
Avenoleic | アベノール酸 | ||
Axillarenic (Axillaric) | アクシラレン酸 | ||
Azelaic | アゼライン酸 レパルギリル酸 アンコイン酸 |
Азелаиновая | |
Behenic | ベヘン酸、 ベヘニン酸 | Бегеновая | |
Behenolic | ベヘノール酸 | Бегенолевая | |
Bishomocolumbinic | ビスホモコルンビン酸 | ||
Bishomo-gamma-linolenic | ビスホモ-γ-リノレン酸 | ||
Bishomopinolenic | ビスホモピノレン酸 | ||
Bolekic | DE: Bolekosäure | ||
Bolekolic | |||
Bosseopentaenoic | ボセオペンタエン酸 | ||
Brassidic | ブラシジン酸、 イソエルシン酸 | Брассидиновая | |
Brassylic | ブラシル酸、 ブラッシル酸 | Брассиловая | |
Builic (jalapinolic) | ヤラピノール酸、 ジャラピノール酸 |
Ялапиноловая | |
Butolic | ブトール酸 | ||
Butyric | DE: Buttersäure IT: acido butirrico NL: boterzuur |
酪酸 | Масляная |
Caleic | |||
Calendic (α) | DE: Calendulasäure | α-カレンド酸 | Календовая (α) |
Calendic (β) | β-カレンド酸 | Календовая (β) | |
Callosobruchusic | カロソブルクス酸 | ||
Capric | カプリン酸 | Каприновая | |
Caproic | DE: Capronsäure NL: capronzuur |
ヘキサン酸、 カプロン酸、 ヘキシル酸 |
Капроновая |
Caproleic | カプロレイン酸 | Каротиноидная | |
Caprylic | オクタン酸、 カプリル酸 | Каприловая | |
Carboceric | ヘプタコサン酸、 カルボセリック酸 |
Карбоцериновая | |
Cascarillic | カスカリル酸 | Каскариловая | |
Catalpic | DE: Catalpasäure | カタルプ酸、 カタルピン酸 | Каталпиковая |
Cerebronic | セレブロン酸、 フレノシン酸 | Цереброновая | |
Ceroplastic | セロプラスチン酸 | Церопластовая | |
Cerotic | セロチン酸 | Церотиновая | |
Cetelaidic | カテラド酸 | Цетолеиновая (транс-) | |
Cetoleic | セトレイン酸、 鯨油酸、 セトレ酸 |
Цетолеиновая (цис-) | |
Chaulmoogric | DE: Chaulmoograsäure NL: chaulmograzuur |
カウルムーグル酸、 カウルモオグル酸、 チャウルムーグル酸、 ショールムーグリン酸、 チョールムーグラ酸 |
Хаульмугровая |
Chrysobalanic | |||
Cilienic | |||
Citraconic | シトラコン酸 | Цитраконовая | |
Citramalic | DE: Citrapfelsäure IT: acido citromalico |
Лимоннояблочная | |
Civetic | シベト酸 | ||
CLA | 共役リノール酸 | Конъюгированная линолевая кислота, сопряженная линолевая кислота |
|
Clupadonic | クルパノドン酸、イワシ酸 | Клупадоновая | |
Colneleic | コルネル酸 | ||
Colnelenic | コルネレン酸、 コロネレン酸 | ||
Columbinic | コルンビン酸、 コロンビン酸、 ラヌンクレ酸 |
Колумбиновая | |
Coniferonic | DE: Koniferonsäure | コニフェロン酸 | Конифероновая |
Convolvulinolic (1 of 3) | |||
Convolvulinolic (2 of 3) | |||
Convolvulinolic (3 of 3) | DE: Convolvulinsäure | コンボルブリノール酸 | |
Coriolic | コリオール酸 | Кориоловая | |
Coronaric | コロナル酸 | Коронаровая | |
Corticrocin | |||
Corynomycolic | コリノミコール酸 | Кориномиколовая | |
Crepenynic | クレペニン酸 | Крепениновая | |
Crotonic | trans-クロトン酸、 クロトン酸 | Кротоновая | |
Cucurbic | ククルビン酸 | Кукурбиновая | |
Dehydrocrepenynic | デヒドロクレペニン酸 | Дегидрокрепениновая | |
Dehydromatricaric | デヒドロマトリカリン酸 | ||
Demospongic | ES: demoespongico | Демоспонговые кислоты | |
Dendrotrifidic | |||
Dendryphiellic A | デンドリフィエル酸 | ||
Dendryphiellic B | デンドリフィエル酸 | ||
Densipolic | デンシポリン酸 | Денсиполовая | |
DHA | ドコサヘキサエン酸 | Докозагексаеновая | |
Diabolic acid | |||
Dicramin | ジクラニン | ||
Digitoxic | Дигитоксиновая (триоксикапроновая) | ||
Dihomogamma-linolenic | ジホモ-γ-リノレン酸 | Дигомо-гамма-линоленовая | |
Dihomolinoleic | ジホモリノレイン酸、 ジホモリノール酸 |
Дигомо-линолевая | |
Dihomolinolenic | ジホモリノレン酸 | Дигомо-линоленовая | |
Dihomo Mead’s acid | ジホモミード酸 | ||
Dihomopinolenic | ジホモピノレン酸 | Дигомо-пиноленовая | |
Dihomotaxoleic | ジホモタキソール酸 | ||
Dihydrofulgidic | ジホモフルギド酸 | ||
Dihydromalvalic | ジヒドロマルバル酸 | ||
Dihydromalyngic | ジヒドロマリング酸 | ||
Dihydromatricaria | |||
Dihydrosterculic | |||
α-Dimorphecolic | α-Диморфеколовая | ||
β-Dimorphecolic | β-Диморфеколовая | ||
DPA | オズボンド酸、 ドコサペンタエン酸 |
Докозапентаеновая | |
Drosophilin C | ドロソフィリンC | Дрозофилин C | |
Drosophilin D | ドロソフィリンD | Дрозофилин D | |
Elaidic | エライジン酸 | Элаидиновая | |
Eleostearic (α) | DE: Eleostearinsäure NL: eleostearinezuur |
α-エレオステアリン酸 | α-Элеостеариновая |
Eleostearic (β) | DE: Eleostearinsäure NL: eleostearinezuur |
β-エレオステアリン酸 | β-Элеостеариновая |
Enanthic (enanthoic) | ヘプタン酸、 アミル酢酸、 エナント酸、 ヘプチル酸、 エナンチル酸、 n-ヘプト酸、 オエナンチル酸、 オエナント酸 |
См. Энантовая | |
EPA | イコサペンタエン酸、 エイコサペンタエン酸、 チムノドン酸 |
Тимнодоновая | |
Ephedrenic | エフェドレン酸 | ||
Equisetolic | エキセトール酸 | Триаконтановая | |
Eranthic | DE: Eranthissäure | ||
Erucic | DE: Erucasäure NL: erucazuur |
エルカ酸 | Эруковая |
D-Erythronic | D-エリトロン酸 | D-Эритроновая | |
L-Erythronic | L-エリトロン酸 | L-Эритроновая | |
Exocarpic | DE: Exocarpussäure | エキソカルピン酸 | |
Farnesenic | ファルネス酸、 ファルネシル酸、 ファルネセン酸、 ファルネソール酸、 ファルネソン酸 |
Фарнезоловая | |
Ficulinic A | フィクリン酸A | ||
Ficulinic B | フィクリン酸B | ||
Floionic | フロイオン酸 | Флоионовая | |
Fomentaric | フォメンタル酸 | Фоментаровая | |
Fulgidic | フルギド酸、 コルコリ脂肪酸F、 12-epi-マリング酸 |
||
Fumaric | フマル酸、 ボレチン酸、 アロマレイン酸、 パラマレイン酸、 trans-2-ブテンン二酸 |
Фумаровая | |
Furocarpic | |||
Gadelaidic | ガデライド酸 | ||
Gadoleic | ガドレイン酸 | Гадолеиновая | |
Gaidic | ガイド酸、 ヒポゲン酸、 ヒポゲ酸、 ガイジン酸 |
||
Galactaric | ガラクタル酸、 粘液酸、 ガラクト糖酸、 ムチン酸、 サッカロ乳酸 |
Галактаровая (слизевая, муциновая) | |
Geddic | Геддовая | ||
Geranic | ゲラン酸 | Гераниевая | |
GLA | ガモレン酸、 γ-リノレン酸 | Гамма-линоленовая (ГЛК) | |
cis-Glutaconic | цис-Глутаконовая | ||
Glutamic | グルタミン酸、 アシグルト、グルタトン |
Глутаминовая | |
Glutaric | グルタル酸、 n-ピロ酒石酸、 グルタール酸 |
Глутаровая | |
Glycolic | グリコール酸 | Щавелевая | |
Gondoic | DE: Gondosäure | ゴンド酸 | Гондоиновая |
Gondoleic | ゴンドレイン酸 | ||
Gorlic | DE: Gorlicsäure NL: gorlizuur |
ゴルル酸、 ゴオリック酸 | Горликовая |
Goshuyic | セバレイン酸 | ||
Heisteric | |||
Helenynolic | ヘレニノール酸 | Гелениноловая | |
Hiragonic | ヒラゴニン酸 | Хирагоновая | |
Homophytanic | |||
Hormelic | ホルメル酸 | ||
Hydnocarpic | DE: Hydnocarpussäure NL: hydnocarpuszuur |
ヒドノカルピン酸、 ヒドノカルプ酸 |
Гиднокарповая |
Hydrosorbic | ヒドロソルビン酸 | Гидросорбиновая | |
11-Hydroxyceromelissic | |||
Hyenic | DE: Hyänasäure FR: hyénique NL: hyenazuur |
ヒエン酸 | Гиениновая |
Hypogeic | |||
Ipurolic | Ипуроловая | ||
Isanic | NL: isanozuur | ボレス酸、 イサニン酸、 エリトロゲン酸 |
Эритрогеновая, изановая |
Isanolic | イサノール酸 | Изаноловая | |
Δ5 Isoambrettolic | Δ5-イソアンブレットール酸 | ||
Δ6 Isoambrettolic | Δ6-イソアンブレットール酸 | ||
Δ9 Isoambrettolic | Δ9-イソアンブレットール酸 | ||
Isoarachidic | イソアラキジン酸 | Изоарахиновая | |
Isobehenic | イソベヘン酸 | Изобегеновая | |
Isobutyric | イソ酪酸、 イソプロピルぎ酸 | Изомасляная | |
Isocapric | イソカプリン酸 | Изокаприновая | |
Isocaproic | イソカプロン酸、 4-メチル吉草酸、 4-メチルバレリアン酸 |
Изокапроновая | |
Isocaprylic | イソカプリル酸 | Изокаприловая | |
Isocerotic | イソセロチン酸 | Изоцеротиновая | |
Isocrotonic | イソクロトン酸、 cis-クロトン酸、 β-クロトン酸、 アロクロトン酸 |
Изокротоновая | |
Isogorlic | イソゴルル酸、 イソゴオリック酸 | Изогорликовая | |
Isoheptadecanoic | イソヘプタデカン酸、 イソマルガリン酸、 イソマーガリン酸 |
Изомаргариновая | |
Isohexadecanoic | イソパルミチン酸 | ||
Isohexanoic | イソカプロン酸、 イソヘキサン酸 | Изокапроновая | |
Isolauric | イソラウリル酸 | Изолауриновая | |
L-Isoleucic | イソロイシン酸 | ||
Isomargaric | イソヘプタデカン酸、 イソマルガリン酸、 イソマーガリン酸 |
Изомаргариновая | |
Isomontanic | イソモンタン酸 | Изомонтановая | |
Isomycomycin | イソミコマイシン | Изомикомицин | |
Isomyristic | イソミリスチン酸、 アセアノスタチンP1 | Изомиристиновая | |
Isononadecanoic | イソノナデカン酸 | ||
Isononanoic | イソノナン酸、 イソペラルゴン酸 | Изопеларгоновая | |
Isooctadecanoic | イソオクタデカン酸 | Изостеариновая | |
Isooleic | イソオレイン酸 | Изоолеиновая | |
Isopalmitic | イソパルミチン酸 | Изопальмитиновая | |
Isopentacosanoic | イソペンタコサン酸 | Изопентакозановая | |
Isopentadecanoic | イソペンタデカン酸 | Изопентадекановая | |
Isoricinoleic | イソリシノール酸 | Изорицинолевая | |
Isorumelenic | |||
Isostearic | イソステアリン酸 | Изостеариновая | |
Isotricosanoic | イソトリコサン酸 | Изотрикозановая | |
Isotridecanoic | イソトリデカン酸 | Изотридекановая | |
Isotridecenoic | Изодеценовая | ||
Itaconic | イタコン酸 | Итаконовая | |
Isovaleric | イソペンタン酸 | Изовалериановая | |
Ixoric | DE: Ixorasäure | ||
Jacaranda | DE: Jacarandasäure | ||
Jalapinolic | ジャラピノール酸、 ヤラピノール酸 | Ялапиноловая | |
Japanic | DE: Japansäure IT: giapanico NL: japanzuur |
日本酸、 ヘニコサン二酸 | Японовая |
Jasmonic | ジャスモン酸 | Жасмоновая | |
Juniperic | ジュニペル酸、 ジュニペリン酸 | Можжевеловая | |
Juniperonic | ジュニペロン酸 | ||
Kamlolenic (α) | α-カムロレニン酸 | α-Камлоленовая | |
Kamlolenic (β) | β-カムロレニン酸 | β-Камлоленовая | |
Kerrolic | |||
Keteleeronic | ケテレエロン酸、 ケテレエロニン酸 | ||
Laballenic | ラベレン酸 | Лабалленовая | |
Lacceric | ラッセル酸 | ||
Lachnophyllic | |||
Lactarinic | Лактариновая | ||
Lactic | DE: Milchsäure IT: lattico NL: melkzuur |
乳酸、 ミルク酸 | Молочная |
β-Lactic | β-Молочная | ||
Lactobacillic | ラクトバシル酸、 ラクトバチルス酸 | Лактобацилловая | |
Laetisaric | (8R)-8-ヒドロキシリノール酸 | ||
Lanoceric | Ланоцериновая | ||
(R)-Lamenallenic | ラメナレン酸 | ||
(S)-Lamenallenic | ラメナレン酸 | ||
Lauric | ラクトバシル酸、 ドデシル酸、 ラウロステアリン酸 |
Лауриновая | |
Lauroleic | ラウロレイン酸 | Лауроолеиновая | |
Lauroleinic | Додеценовая | ||
Lesquerolic | レスクエロール酸 | Лесквероловая | |
Leucic | ロイシン酸 | Лейциновая | |
Levulinic | レブリン酸、 レブリン酸、 レブル酸、 γ-ケト吉草酸、 4-ケト吉草酸 |
Левулиновая | |
Licanic (α) | α-リカン酸 | α-ликановая | |
Licanic (β) | β-リカン酸 | β-ликановая | |
Lichesterinic or lichesteric |
Лихестериновая | ||
Lichesterylic | リケステリル酸 | ||
Lignoceric | リケステリル酸 | Лигноцериновая | |
Linderic | DE: Linderasäure NL: linderazuur |
リンデル酸 | Линдеровая |
Linoleic | DE: Linolsäure NL: linolzuur |
リノール酸、 リノレイン酸、 クレペン酸 |
Линолевая |
Linolenelaidic | リノレンエライジン酸 | ||
Linolenic | リノレン酸 | α-Линоленовая | |
Linusic | リヌ シン酸 | ||
Lumequic | IT: lumechico | ルメーク酸、 ルメキン酸 | |
Lycaonic | リカオン酸 | ||
Lycidic | |||
Lycopodic | |||
Maleic | マレイン酸 | Малеиновая | |
DL-Malic | DE: Apfelsäure NL: appelzuur |
Янтарная | |
Malonic | マロン酸 | Малоновая | |
Malvalic | マルバル酸 | Мальваловая (мальвовая) | |
Malyngic | マリング酸 | ||
Manaoic/manoaic | マノア酸 | ||
Manaoic/manoaic | マノア酸 | ||
Mangold’s | NL: ricineenzuur | (9E,11E)-リノール酸 | |
Margaric | DE: Margarinsäure NL: margarinezuur |
マルガリン酸、 マーガリン酸、 ヘプタデシル酸 |
Маргариновая |
Matricaric acid | DE: Matricariasäure | マトリカリア酸 | |
Z,E-Matricaric | Z,E-マトリカリア酸 | ||
Mead’s acid | ミード酸 | Мидовая кислота | |
Megatomic (megatomoic) | DE: Megatomsäure | メガトモ酸 | Мегатомовая |
Mesaconic | メサコン酸 | Мезаконовая | |
Melissic | メリシン酸 | Мелиссиновая | |
Methacrylic acid | メタクリル酸 | Метакриловая | |
Mevalonic | メバロン酸 | Мевалоновая | |
Micolipodienoic | ミコリペン酸 | ||
Mikusch’s acid | ミクシュ酸 | 10,12-Линолевая кислота | |
Minquartynoic | ミンクアルチン酸 | ||
Montanic | モンタン酸 | Монтановая | |
Moroctic | DE: Moroctsäure NL: moroctzuur |
モロクチン酸、ステアリドン酸 | |
Morotic | |||
Cis,cis-Muconic | Cis,cis-ムコン酸 | Цис,цис-муконовая | |
Mycinonic | ミシノン酸 | ||
Mycoceranic | ミコセラン酸 | ||
Mycocerosic | ミコセロシン酸 | Микоцерозовая | |
Mycolipenic | ミコリペン酸 | Миколипеновая | |
Mycomycin | ミコマイシン | Микомицин | |
Mycosanoic | Микомицин | ||
Myristelaidic | ミリストエライジン酸、 ミリステライド酸 |
||
Myristic | ミリスチン酸、 テトラデシル酸 | Миристиновая | |
Myristoleic | DE: Myristölsäure | ミリストオレイン酸、 ミリストレイン酸 |
Миристоолеиновая |
Nemotinic | ネモチン酸 | Немотиновая | |
Neostearic | ネオステアリン酸 | ||
Nerolic | ネロール酸、 ネリン酸、ゲラン酸 | ||
Nervonic | ネルボン酸、 サメ油酸、 セラコレイン酸 |
Нервоновая, ацетэруковая | |
Nisinic | ニシン酸 | Низиновая | |
Norlinoleic | ノルリノール酸 | ||
Norlinolenic | ノルリノレン酸 | ||
Obtusilic | オブツシル酸、 トウハク酸、 4-デシレン酸 |
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Oleic | DE: Ölsäure NL: oliezuur |
オレイン酸 | Олеиновая |
Oncobic | DE: Oncobasäure | オンコブ酸 | |
Oropheic | |||
Oxalic | シュウ酸 | Щавелевая | |
Palmitelaidic | パルミトエライジン酸 | ||
Palmitic | パルミチン酸、 セチル酸、 ヘキサデシル酸、 パルミチニン酸 |
Пальмитиновая | |
Palmitoleic | パルミトオレイン酸、 パルミトレイン酸、 ゾオマリン酸、 オレオパルミチン酸 |
Пальмитолеиновая | |
Palmitolic | パルミトール酸 | ||
Palmitvaccenic | パルミトバクセン酸 | Цис-вакценовая (пальмитовакценовая) | |
Parinaric (α) | NL: parinariumzuur | α-パリナリン酸 | α-Паринаровая |
Parinaric (β) | NL: parinariumzuur | β-パリナリン酸 | β-Паринаровая |
Paullinic | ポーリン酸 | ||
Pelargonic | ペラルゴン酸、 ペラルグ酸、 ペルゴン酸、 ノニル酸 |
Пеларгоновая | |
Petroselaidic | ペトロセライジン酸、 ペトロスエライジン酸 |
Петрозелаидиновая | |
Petroselinic | ペトロセリン酸 | Петроселиновая | |
Phellogenic | フェロゲン酸 | Феллогеновая | |
Phellonic | フェロン酸 | Феллоновая | |
Phloionic | フロイオン酸 | См. Флоионовая | |
Phloionolic | アロイリチン酸、 アロイリット酸 | ||
Phlomic | フロム酸 | ||
Phthioic | フチオン酸、 フチオイ酸 | ||
Physeteric | フィセテル酸 | ||
Phytanic | フィタン酸 | Фитановая | |
Phytenic | フィテン酸、 フィテノン酸 | ||
Phytoenoic | |||
Pimelic | ピメリン酸、 ピレル酸 | Пимелиновая | |
Pinolenic | ピノレン酸 | Пиноленовая | |
Pivalic | ピバル酸、 トリメチル酢酸、 ネオペンタン |
Триметилуксусная | |
Podocarpic | DE: Podocarpussäure | ポドカルピン酸 | Сциадоновая |
Pristanic | プリスタン酸 | Пристановая | |
Propiolic | プロピオル酸、 プロピオール酸、 プロピン酸、 プロパルギル酸 |
Пропиоловая | |
Propionic | プロゾイン、 メタセトン酸、 カルボキシエタン、 モノプロプ、 ルプロシル、 プソイド酢酸、 メチル酢酸、 アドフィード、 アンチシムB、プロプコルン |
Пропионовая | |
Prostanoic | プロスタン酸 | Простановая | |
Pseudoeleostearic | DE: Pseudoeleo-stearinsäure | シュードエレオステアリン酸 | Псевдоэлеостеариновая |
Psyllic | セロメリッシン | Псилластеариловая | |
Punicic | プニカ酸、 プニク酸 | Пуниковая | |
Pyroterebic | ピロテレブ酸 | ||
Pyrulic | ピルール酸 | Пируловая | |
Pyruvic | ピルビン酸、 アセチルぎ酸、 焦性ぶどう酸 |
Пировиноградная | |
Rhodinic | シトロネル酸 | Родиновая | |
Ricinelaidic | リシネライジン酸、 リシノエライジン酸 |
||
Ricinenic | リシネニック酸 | ||
Ricinstearolic | リシンステアロール酸、 リシノステアロール酸 |
Рицинстеароловая | |
Rosilic | 10-ヒドロキシステアリン酸 | Розиловая | |
Roughanic acid | |||
Rumelenic | ルメレン酸 | ||
Rumenic | ルメン酸 | Руменовая | |
Sabinic | サビニン酸 | Сабиновая | |
Santalbic | キシメニン酸、 サンタルビン酸 | Санталбовая | |
Sapienic | サピエン酸 | Сапиеновая | |
Sarcinic | アンテイソペンタデカン酸 | ||
Sativic (sativinic) | サチビン酸 | Триоксистеариновая, сативиновая | |
Sciadopinolenic | Сциадоновая | ||
Scleropyric | |||
Sebacic | セバシン酸 | Себациновая | |
Sebaleic | セバレイン酸 | ||
trans-Selacholeic | DE: Selachinsäure | セラコレイン酸 | |
Shibic | |||
Sorbic | ソルビン酸 | Сорбиновая | |
Stearic | DE: Stearinsäure NL: stearinezuur |
ステアリン酸 | Стеариновая |
Stearolic | ステアロール酸 | Стеароловая | |
Sterculic | ステルクル酸 | Стеркуловая | |
Sterculynic | ステルクリン酸 | Стеркулиновая | |
cis,cis-Stillingic | Cis,cis-スチリング酸 | ||
trans,cis-Stillingic | Trans,cis-スチリング酸 | ||
Suberic | DE: Korksäure NL: kurkzuur |
スベリン酸 | Пробковая, субериновая |
Subtiloheptadecanoic | |||
Succinic | DE: Barnsteinsäure NL: barnsteenzuur |
コハク酸 | Янтарная |
Tariric | DE: Tarirsäure NL: taririzuur |
タリリン酸 | Тарировая |
Tartaric | 酒石酸 | Винная | |
Taxoleic | タキソール酸 | Таксолевая | |
Thalictric | DE: Thalictrumsäure | 唐松草酸 | яТаликтрова |
Thapsic | タプス酸、 タプシン酸 | Тапсиевая | |
(+/–) Threonic | トレオニン、 スレオニン | Треоновая | |
Thynnic | |||
Tiglic | チグリン酸、 チグル酸、 セバジン酸 |
Тиглиновая | |
Traumatic | トラウマト酸、 タウマチン酸 | Травматиновая | |
Traumatin | トラウマチン | ||
Tridecylic | トリデシル酸 | Тридекановая (тридециловая) | |
Tsuzuic | DE: Tsususäure NL: Tsoezoezuur |
ツズ酸、 ツズイック酸 | Цузуевая |
Tuberculostearic | ツベルクロステアリン酸 | Туберкулостеаровая | |
Turpetholic A, B, C, E | |||
Undecylenic | ウンデシレン酸 ウンデルシレン酸、 ヘンデセン酸、セビノン、 デクリド、レンセリン、 デセネックス ウンデシレン酸 |
Ундеценовая | |
Undecylic | ウンデシル酸、 ヘンデカン酸、 ヘンデシル酸 |
Ундециловая | |
Ursolic | ウルソール酸、 ウルソン、 マロール、 プルノール |
Урзоловая | |
Ustilic A | ウスチリン酸A | Устиловая А | |
Ustilic B | ウスチリン酸B | Устиловая В | |
Vaccelenic | |||
Vaccenic | バクセン酸 | транс-Вакценовая | |
Valeric | DE: Valeriansäure NL: valeriaanzuur |
吉草酸、 バレリアン酸 | Валериановая |
Valproic | バルプロ酸、バルプロン酸、 2-プロピル吉草酸、 エピリム、 デパキン、 エルゲニル、 ジプロピル酢酸 |
Вальпроевая | |
Ventosic | |||
Vernolic | ベルノル酸、 ベルノール酸 | Верноловая | |
Wyeronic | ウィエロン酸 | ||
Ximenic | キシメン酸 | Ксименовая | |
Ximenynic | キシメニン酸 | Ксименовая, Ксимениновая | |
Ximenynolic | キシメニノール酸 | ||
Xionenynic | |||
The author would be delighted to learn of additions or corrections to this list or to receive any general comments.