The AOCS Lipid Library

Literature Survey

Solid-Phase Extraction and Lipids

Solid-phase extraction methodology has simplified many aspects of lipid analysis. My impression is that a proportion of this has not been examined critically, but nonetheless must be considered.

The following references were collected as part of our regular literature reviews for our own research purposes. They cover the years 1990 onwards. For the earlier literature, I recommend my review, which can now be accessed directly from our website (here) -

Christie, W.W. Solid-phase extraction columns in the analysis of lipids. In Advances in Lipid Methodology - One, pp. 1-17 (1992) (edited by W.W. Christie, Oily Press, Ayr).

A more recent one by Ruiz-Gutierrez. and Perez-Camino is cited below. I cannot claim to have covered the subject exhaustively here, but I have done my best. References are listed alphabetically by the first author of a paper, but not necessarily chronologically by that author.

• Adachi,J., Asano,M., Naito,T., Ueno,Y. and Tatsuno,Y. Chemiluminescent determination of cholesterol hydroperoxides in human erythrocyte membrane. Lipids, 33, 1235-1240 (1998).
• Adachi,J., Yoshioka,N., Funae,R., Nagasaki,Y., Naito,T. and Ueno,Y. Phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxide levels in human plasma are lower than previously reported. Lipids, 39, 891-896 (2004).
• Adlof,R.O., Copes,L.C. and Emken,E.A. Robotic method for semi-automation of plasma triglyceride structure analysis by lipase. Proc. Internat. Symp. Laboratory Automationa and Robotics, Boston, 1997, pp. 414-424. (1997).
• Agren,J.J., Julkunen,A. and Pentilla,I. Rapid separation of serum lipids for fatty acid analysis by a single aminopropyl column. J. Lipid Res., 33, 1871-1876 (1992).
• Akesson-Nilsson,G. Isolation of chlorinated fatty acid methyl esters derived from cell-culture medium and from fish lipids by using an aminopropyl solid-phase extraction column. J. Chromatogr. A, 996, 173-180 (2003).
• Allen,B., Norman,H.A., Vincent,J.S. and Chappelle,E.W. Preparation of carotenoid enriched vesicles of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol and digalactosyldiacylglycerol for use in Raman studies to investigate leaf canopy damage. J. Plant Physiol., 148, 413-417 (1996).
• Alvarez,J.G. and Touchstone,J.C. Separation of acidic and neutral lipids by aminopropyl-bonded silica gel chromatography. J. Chromatogr. B, 577, 142-145 (1992).
• Alves,S.P., Cabrita,A.R.J., Fonseca,A.J.M. and Bessa,R.J.B. Improved method for fatty acid analysis in herbage based on direct transesterification followed by solid-phase extraction. J. Chromatogr. A, 1209, 212-219 (2008).
• Amelio,M., Rizzo,R. and Varazini,F. Determination of sterols, erythrodiol, uvaol and alkanols in olive oils using combined solid-phase extraction, HPLC and high-resolution GC techniques. J. Chromatogr. A, 606, 179-185 (1992).
• Anderson,L., Cummings,J. and Smyth,J.F. Rapid and selective isolation of radiolabelled inositol phosphates from cancer cells using solid phase extraction. J. Chromatogr. B, 574, 150-155 (1992).
• Arai,Y., Fukushima,T., Shirao,M., Yang,X.J. and Imai,K. Sensitive determination of anandamide in rat brain utilizing a coupled-column HPLC with fluorimetric detection. Biomed. Chromatogr., 14, 118-124 (2000).
• Augustyn,O.P.H., Ferreira,D. and Kock,J.L.F. Differentiation between yeast species, and strains within a species, by cellular fatty acid analysis. 4. Saccharomyces-sensu-stricto, Hanseniaspora, Saccharomycodes and Wickerhamiella. System. Appl. Microbiol., 14, 324-334 (1991).
• Augustyn,O.P.H., Kock,J.L.F. and Ferreira,D. Differentiation between yeast species, and strains within a species, by cellular fatty acid analysis. 5. A feasible technique? System. Appl. Microbiol., 15, 105-115 (1992).
• Avalli,A. and Contarini,G. Determination of phospholipids in dairy products by SPE/HPLC/ELSD. J. Chromatogr. A, 1071, 185-190 (2005).
• Azadmard-Damirchi,S. and Dutta,P.C. A single step solid-phase extraction method for complete separation of sterol oxidation products in food lipids. J. Chromatogr. A, 1216, 36-42 (2009).
• Azadmard-Damirchi,S. and Dutta,P.C. Novel solid-phase extraction method to separate 4-desmethyl-, 4-monomethyl-, and 4,4'-dimethylsterols in vegetable oils. J. Chromatogr. A, 1108, 183-187 (2006).
• Azadmard-Damirchi,S. and Dutta.P.C. Rapid separation of methylsterols from vegetable oils by solid-phase extraction. Lipid Technology, 18, 231-234 (2006).
• Ballesteros,E., Gallego,M. and Valcarcel,M. Simultaneous determination of sterols in edible oils by use of a continuous separation module coupled to a gas chromatograph. Anal. Chim. Acta, 308, 253-260 (1995).
• Balvers,M.G.J., Verhoeckx,K.C.M. and Witkamp,R.F. Development and validation of a quantitative method for the determination of 12 endocannabinoids and related compounds in human plasma using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. B, 877, 1583-1590 (2009).
• Bareth,A. Strohmar,W. and Kitzelmann,E. Gas chromatographic determination of mono- and diglycerides in milk and milk products. Eur. Food Res. Technol., 216, 365-368 (2003).
• Bateman,H.G. and Jenkins,T.C. Method for extraction and separation by solid phase extraction of neutral lipid, free fatty acids, and polar lipid from mixed microbial cultures. J. Agric. Food Chem., 45, 132-134 (1997).
• Bergqvist,M.H.J. and Herslof,B.G. Isolation and purification of digalactosyldiacylglycerols. Chromatographia, 40, 129-133 (1995).
• Bernhardt,T.G., Cannistraro,P.A., Bird,D.A., Doyle,K.M. and Laposata,M. Purification of fatty acid ethyl esters by solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography. J. Chromatogr. B, 675, 189-196 (1996).
• Bioque,G., Tost,D., Closa,D., Rosello-Catafu, Ramis,I., Cabrer,F., Carcigano,G. and Gelpi,E. Concurrent C18-solid phase extraction of platelet activating factor (PAF) and arachidonic acid metabolites. J. Liqu. Chromatogr., 15, 1249-1258 (1992).
• Blunk,H.-C. and Steinhart,H. Separation of phospholipids in bovine tissue with disposable silica gel extraction columns. Z. Lebensm.-Unters. Forsch., 190, 123-125 (1990).
• Bodennec,J., Brichon,G., Portoukalian,J. and Zwingelstein,G. Improved methods for the simultaneous separation of free diacylglycerol species from ceramides containing phytosphingosine and sphingosine bases with non hydroxy and alpha-hydroxy fatty acids. J. Liqu. Chromatogr. Rel. Technol., 22, 1493-1502 (1999).
• Bodennec,J., Brichon,G., Zwingelstein,G. and Portoukalian,J. Purification of sphingolipid classes by solid-phase extraction with aminopropyl and weak cation exchanger cartridges. Methods Enzymol. Sphingolipid Metabolism and Cell Signaling, Part B, 312, 101-114 (2000).
• Bodennec,J., Famy,C., Zwingelstein,G. and Portoukalian,J. Purification of free sphingoid bases by solid-phase extraction on weak cation exchanger cartridges. Anal. Biochem., 279, 245-248 (2000).
• Bodennec,J., Koul,O., Aguado,I., Brichon,G., Zwingelstein,G. and Portoukalian,J. A procedure for fractionation of sphingolipid classes by solid-phase extraction on aminopropyl cartridges. J. Lipid Res., 41, 1524-1531 (2000).
• Bodennec,J., Pelled,D. and Futerman,A.H. Aminopropyl solid phase extraction and 2 D TLC of neutral glycosphingolipids and neutral lysoglycosphingolipids. J. Lipid Res., 44, 218-226 (2003).
• Bodennec,J., Trajkovic-Bodennec,S. and Futerman,A.H. Simultaneous quantification of lyso-neutral glycosphingolipids and neutral glycosphingolipids by N-acetylation with [H-3]acetic anhydride. J. Lipid Res., 44, 1413-1419 (2003).
• Bondia-Pons,I., Morera-Pons,S., Castellote,A.I. and Lopez-Sabater,M.C. Determination of phospholipid fatty acids in biological samples by solid-phase extraction and fast gas chromatography. J. Chromatogr. A, 1116, 204-208 (2006).
• Bonzom,P.M.A., Nicolaou,A., Zloh,M., Baldeo,W. and Gibbons,W.A. NMR lipid profile of Agaricus bisporus. Phytochemistry, 50, 1311-1321 (1999).
• Bortolomeazzi,R., Frega,N. and Lercker,G. Rapid determination of free and esterified sterols using prepacked silica columns. Ital. J. Food Sci., 2, 265-268 (1990).
• Bortolomeazzi,R., Pizzale,L. and Lercker,G. Chromatographic determination of position and configurational isomers of methyl oleate hydroxides from corresponding hydroperoxides. Chromatographia, 36, 61-64 (1993).
• Bortolomeazzi,R., Pizzale,L. and Lercker,G. Chromatographic determination of the position and configuration of isomers of methyl oleate hydroperoxides. J. Chromatogr. A, 626, 109-116 (1992).
• Bortolomeazzi,R., Pizzale,L., Conte,L.S. and Lercker,G. Identification of thermal oxidation products of cholesteryl acetate. J. Chromatogr. A, 683, 75-85 (1994).
• Bortolomeazzi,R., Pizzale,L., Vichi,S. and Lercker,G. Analysis of isomers of cholesteryl acetate hydroperoxides by HPLC and GC-ITDMS. Chromatographia, 39, 577-580 (1994).
• Boselli,E., Caboni,M.F. and Lercker,G. Determination of free cholesterol from dried egg yolk by on-line coupling of supercritical fluid extraction with solid phase extraction. Z. Lebensm.-Unters. Forsch., 205, 356-359 (1997).
• Boyle,T., Lancaster,V., Hunt,R., Gemski,P. and Jett,M. Method for simultaneous isolation and quantitation of platelet activating factor and multiple arachidonate metabolites from small samples: analysis of effects of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B in mice. Anal. Biochem., 216, 373-382 (1994).
• Breinholder,P., Mosca,L. and Lindner,W. Concept of sequential analysis of free and conjugated phytosterols in different plant matrices. J. Chromatogr. B, 777, 67-82 (2002).
• Brufau,G., Codony,R., Canela,M.A. and Rafecas,M. Rapid and quantitative determination of total sterols of plant and animal origin in liver samples by gas chromatography. Chromatographia, 64, 559-563 (2006).
• Bruschweiler,H. and Dieffenbacher,A. Determination of mono- and diglycerides by capillary GC. Pure Appl. Chem., 63, 1153-62 (1991).
• Burdge,G.C. and Postle,A.D. Hepatic phospholipid molecular species in the guniea pig. Adaptations to pregnancy. Lipids, 29, 259-264 (1994).
• Burdge,G.C., Creaney,A., Postle,A.D., Wilton,D.C. Mammalian secreted and cytosolic phospholipase A(2) show different specificities for phospholipid molecular species. Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol., 27, 1027-1032 (1995).
• Burdge,G.C., Wright,P., Jones,A.E. and Wootton S.A. A method for separation of phosphatidylcholine, triacylglycerol, non-esterified fatty acids and cholesterol esters from plasma by solid-phase extraction. Brit. J. Nutr., 84, 781-787 (2000).
• Caboni,M.F., Menotta,S. and Lercker,G. High-performance liquid chromatography separation acid light-scattering detection of phospholipids from cooked beef. J. Chromatogr. A, 683, 59-65 (1994).
• Caboni,M.F., Menotta,S. and Lercker,G. Separation and analysis of phospholipids in different foods with a light-scattering detector. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 73, 1561-1566 (1996).
• Cahoon,E.B. and Lynch,D.V. Analysis of glucocerebrosides of rye (Secale cereale L. cv Puma) leaf and plasma membrane. Plant Physiol., 95, 58-68 (1991).
• Caligan,T.B., Peters,K., Ou,J., Wang,E., Saba,J. and Merrill,A.H. A high-performance liquid chromatographic method to measure sphingosine 1-phosphate and related compounds from sphingosine kinase assays and other biological samples. Anal. Biochem., 281, 36-44 (2000).
• Calvano,C.D., Jensen,O.N. and Zambonin,C.G. Selective extraction of phospholipids from dairy products by micro-solid phase extraction based on titanium dioxide microcolumns followed by MALDI-TOF-MS analysis. Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 394, 1453-1461 (2009).
• Calvo,M.V., Ramos,L. and Fontecha,J. Determination of cholesterol oxides content in milk products by solid phase extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J. Sep. Sci., 26, 927-931 (2003).
• Careri,M., Mangia,A., Musci,M. and Parolari,G. Development of gas chromatographic method for determination of cholesterol oxides in meat products. Chromatographia, 47, 42-48 (1998).
• Cercaci,L., Rodriguez-Estrada,M.T. and Lercker,G. Solid-phase extraction-thin-layer chromatography-gas chromatography method for the detection of hazelnut oil in olive oils by determination of esterified sterols. J. Chromatogr. A, 985, 211-220 (2003).
• Cha,D.M., Liu,M.M., Zeng,Z.R., Cheng,D.E. and Zhan,G.Q. Analysis of fatty acids in lung tissues using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry preceded by derivatization-solid-phase microextraction with a novel fiber. Anal. Chim. Acta, 572, 47-54 (2006).
• Chambers,E., Wagrowski-Diehl,D.M., Lu,Z. and Mazzeo,J.R. Systematic and comprehensive strategy for reducing matrix effects in LC/MS/MS analyses. J. Chromatogr. B, 852, 22-34 (2007).
• Chaves das Neves,H.J., Vasconcelos,A.M.P. and Vasconcelos,O. A simple and rapid method for the study of triglyceride fatty acid profiles in human serum by capillary GC. J. High Resolut. Chromatogr., 13, 520-522 (1990).
• Chen,T., Breuil,C., Carriere,S. and Hatton,J.V. Solid-phase extraction can rapidly separate lipid classes from acetone extracts of wood and pulp. Tappi J., 77, 235-240 (1994).
• Chen,Y.L. and Xu,Y. Isolation and quantitation of plasma lysophosphatidic acids by solid-phase extraction and capillary electrophoresis. J. Liqu. Chromatogr. Rel. Technol., 25, 843-855 (2002).
• Choi,G.T.Y., Casu,M. and Gibbons,W.A. NMR lipid profiles of cells, tissues and body fluids - neutral, non-acidic and acidic phospholipid analysis of Bond Elut chromatographic fractions. Biochem. J., 290, 717-721 (1993).
• Christie,W.W. Solid-phase extraction columns and lipid analysis. In:: 'Contemporary Lipid Analysis, 2nd Symposium Proceedings', pp. 23-29 (edited by N.U. Olsson & B.G. Herslof, LipidTeknik, Stockholm) (1992).
• Christie,W.W. Solid-phase extraction columns in the analysis of lipids. In: 'Advances in Lipid Methodology - One' (edited by W.W. Christie, Oily Press, Ayr), pp. 1-17 (1992).
• Christie,W.W. Silver ion chromatography of triacylglycerols on solid phase extraction columns packed with a bonded sulphonic acid phase. J. Sci. Food Agric., 52, 573-577 (1990).
• Christie,W.W. and Han,X. Lipid Analysis - Isolation, Separation, Identification and Lipidomic Analysis' (4^th edition), 446 pages (Oily Press, Bridgwater, U.K.) (2010) - www.pjbarnes.co.uk/op/la4.htm.
• Christie,W.W., Gill,S., Nordback,J., Itabashi,Y., Sanda,S. and Slabas,A.R. New procedures for rapid screening of leaf lipid components from Arabidopsis. Phytochem. Anal., 9, 53-57 (1998).
• Christie,W.W., Nikolova-Damyanova,B., Laakso,P. and Herslof,B. Stereospecific analysis of triacyl-sn-glycerols via resolution of diastereomeric diacylglycerol derivatives by HPLC on silica. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 68, 695-701 (1991).
• Christman,B.W., Gay,J.C., Christman,J.W., Prakash,C. and Blair,I.A. Analysis of effector cell-derived lyso platelet activating factor by electron capture negative ion MS. Biol. Mass Spectrom., 20, 545-552 (1991).
• Chua,S.C., Tan,C.P., Lai,O.M., Long,K., Mirhosseini,H. and Baharin,B.S. Effect of absorbent in solid-phase extraction on quantification of phospholipids in palm-pressed fiber. Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol., 110, 334-340 (2008).
• Coene,J., Van den Eeckhout,E. and Herdewijn,P. GC determination of alkyl lysophospholipids after solid-phase extraction from culture media. J. Chromatogr. B, 612, 21-26 (1993).
• Cohen,Z. and Cohen,S. Preparation of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) concentrate from Porphyridium cruentum. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 68, 16-19 (1991).
• Costa,C.G., Struys,E.A., Bootsma,A., ten Brink,H.J., Dorland,L., de Almeida,I.T., Duran,M. and Jakobs,C. Quantitative analysis of plasma acylcarnitines using gas chromatography chemical ionization mass fragmentography. J. Lipid Res., 38, 173-182 (1997).
• Craven,R.J. and Lencki,R.W. Rapid analysis of acylglycerols in low molecular weight milk fat fractions. Lipids, 42, 473-482 (2007).
• Cripps,G.C. and Tarling,G.A. Rapid procedure for the isolation and analysis of fatty acid and fatty alcohol fractions from wax esters of marine zooplankton. J. Chromatogr. A, 760, 309-313 (1997).
• Davey,M.W. and Lambein,F. Quantitative derivatization and HPLC analysis of cyanobacterial heterocyst-type glycolipids. Anal. Biochem., 206, 323-327 (1992).
• Dawson,M. and McGee,C. Comparison between ethanol and methanol for the reversed-phase HPLC analysis of leukotriene B4 and its metabolites in cell incubation supernatants. J. Chromatogr. B, 532, 379-386 (1990).
• De Jong,C. and Badings,H.T. Determination of free fatty acids in milk and cheese. Procedures for extraction, clean up and capillary GC analysis. J. High Resolut. Chromatogr., 13, 94-98 (1990).
• De Jong,C., Palma,K. and Neeter,R. Sample preparation before capillary gas chromatographic estimation of free fatty acids in fermented dairy products. Neth. Milk Dairy J., 48, 151-156 (1994).
• Deutsch,J., Grange,E., Rapoport,S.I. and Purdon,A.D. Isolation and quantitation of long-chain acyl-coenzyme A esters in brain tissue by solid-phase extraction. Anal. Biochem., 220, 321-323 (1994).
• Deutsch,J., Rapoport,S.I. and Purdon,D. Isolation and HPLC separation of polyunsaturated species of rat brain acyl-CoA produced during decapitation-ischemia. Phosphorus, Sulfur, Silicon, Related Elements, 110, 389-392 (1996).
• Dickson,L., Bull,I.D., Gates,P.J. and Evershed,R.P. A simple modification of a silicic acid lipid fractionation protocol to eliminate free fatty acids from glycolipid and phospholipid fractions. J. Microbiol. Methods, 78, 249-254 (2009).
• Dillon,R., Greig,M.J. and Bhat,B.G. Development of a novel LC/MS method to quantitate cellular stearoyl-CoA desaturase activity. Anal. Chim. Acta, 627, 99-104 (2008).
• Dionisi,F., Golay,P.A., Aeschlimann,J.M. and Fay,L.B. Determination of cholesterol oxidation products in milk powders: Methods comparison and validation. J. Agric. Food Chem., 46, 2227-2233 (1998).
• Doehl,J. and Greibrokk,T. Determination of prostaglandins in human seminal fluid by solid-phase extraction, pyridinium dichromate derivatization and HPLC. J. Chromatogr. B, 529, 21-32 (1990).
• Dutta,P.C. Studies on phytosterol oxides. 2. Content in some vegetable oils and in french fries prepared in these oils. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 74, 659-666 (1997).
• Dutta,P.C. and Appelqvist,L.A. Studies on phytosterol oxides. 1. Effect of storage on the content in potato chips prepared in different vegetable oils. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 74, 647-657 (1997).
• Dybvik,A.I., Falch,E. and Rustad,T. Solid phase extraction as a tool to separate lipid classes and study deterioration of marine lipids. J. Aquatic Food Prod. Technol., 17, 39-59 (2008).
• Dzeletovic,S., Breuer,O., Lund,E. and Diczfalusy,U. Determination of cholesterol oxidation products in human plasma by isotope dilution-mass spectrometry. Anal. Biochem., 225, 73-80 (1995).
• Ebeler,S.E. and Shibamoto,T. Overview and recent developments in solid-phase extraction for separation of lipid classes. In: 'Lipid Chromatographic Analysis', pp. 1-48 (edited by T. Shibamoto, Dekker, NY) (1993).
• Eggink,M., Charret,S., Wijtmans,M., Lingeman,H., Kool,J., Niessen,W.M.A. and Irth,H. Development of an on-line weak-cation exchange liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method for screening aldehyde products in biological matrices. J. Chromatogr. B, 877, 3937-3945 (2009).
• Ellin,A., Vandenberg,S. and Strandvik,B. A simplified analysis of fatty acids in serum phospholipids using Sep-Pak cartridges. Clin. Chim. Acta, 200, 59-61 (1991).
• Elmer-Frolich,K. and Lachance,P.A. Faster and easier methods for quantitative lipid extraction and fractionation from miniature samples of animal tissues. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 69, 243-245 (1992).
• Emerson,B., Gidden,J., Lay,J.O. and Durham,B. A rapid separation technique for overcoming suppression of triacylglycerols by phosphatidylcholine using MALDI-TOF MS. J. Lipid Res., 51, 2428-2434 (2010).
• Eriksson,E. and Ledin,A. Analysis of long-chain fatty acids in grey wastewater with in-vial derivatization. Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem., 83, 987-995 (2003).
• Fagan,P., Wijesundera,C. and Watkins,P. Determination of mono- and di-acylglycerols in milk lipids. J. Chromatogr. A, 1054, 251-259 (2004).
• Fang,J.S. and Findlay,R.H. The use of a classic lipid extraction method for simultaneous recovery of organic pollutants and microbial lipids from sediments. J. Microb. Methods, 27, 63-71 (1996).
• Fauler,G., Rechberger,G.N., Devrnja,D., Erwa,W., Plecko,B., Kotanko,P., Breunig,F. and Paschke,E. Rapid determination of urinary globotriaosylceramide isoform profiles by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry using stearoyl-d(35)-globotriaosylceramide as internal standard. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 19, 1499-1506 (2005).
• Frank,H.G. and Graf,R. Determination of free unsaturated C20 fatty acids in rat placentae using HPTLC. J. Planar Chromatogr. - Mod. TLC, 4, 134-137 (1991).
• Frankel,E.N., Neff,W.E. and Miyashita,K. Autoxidation of polyunsaturated triacylglycerols. II. Trilinolenoylglycerol. Lipids, 25, 40-47 (1990).
• Frey,B., Haupt,R., Alms,S., Holzmann,G., Konig,T., Kern,H., Kox,W., Rustow,B. and Schlame,M. Increase in fragmented phosphatidylcholine in blood plasma by oxidative stress. J. Lipid Res., 41, 1145-1153 (2000).
• Fried,B. Obtaining and handling biological materials and prefractionating extracts for lipid analysis. In: 'CRC Handbook of Chromatography. Analysis of Lipids'. (ed. K.D. Mukherjee & N. Weber, CRC Press, Boca Raton), pp. 1-10 (1993).
• Frohberg,P., Drutkowski,G. and Wobst,I. Monitoring eicosanoid biosynthesis via lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase pathways in human whole blood by single HPLC run. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 41, 1317-1324 (2006).
• Garcia-Cruset,S., Carpenter,K.L.H., Guardiola,F., Stein,B.K. and Mitchinson,M.J. Oxysterol profiles of normal human arteries, fatty streaks and advanced lesions. Free Rad. Res., 35, 31-41 (2001).
• Gardner,D.R., Sanders,R.A., Henry,D.E., Tallmadge,D.H. and Wharton,H.W. Characterization of used frying oils. Part. 1. Isolation and identification of compound classes. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 69, 499-508 (1992).
• Garnier,N., Rolando,C., Hotje,J.M. and Tokarski,C. Analysis of archaeological triacylglycerols by high resolution nanoESI, FT-ICR MS and IRMPD MS/MS: Application to 5th century BC-4th century AD oil lamps from Olbia (Ukraine). Int. J. Mass Spectrom., 284, 47-56 (2009).
• Gessner,M.O. and Schmitt,A.L. Use of solid-phase extraction to determine ergosterol concentrations in plant-tissue colonized by fungi. Appl. Environm. Microbiol., 62, 415-419 (1996).
• Giacometti,J., Milosevic,A. and Milin,C. Gas chromatographic determination of fatty acids contained in different lipid classes after their separation by solid-phase extraction. J. Chromatogr. A, 976, 47-54 (2002).
• Golovko,M.Y. and Murphy,E.J. An improved method for tissue long-chain acyl-CoA extraction and analysis. J. Lipid Res., 45, 1777-1782 (2004).
• Gonzalvez,A., Preinerstorfer,B. and Lindner,W. Selective enrichment of phosphatidylcholines from food and biological matrices using metal oxides as solid-phase extraction materials prior to analysis by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 396, 2965-2975 (2010).
• Gornati,R., Rapelli,S., Montorfano,G., Cattaneo,C. and Berra,B., A new procedure for gangliosidic N-acetylneuraminic acid analysis in serum. Int. J. Biol. Markers, 6, 91-98 (1991).
• Goulitquer,S., Dreano,Y., Berthou,F., Corcos,L. and Lucas,D. Determination of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids in human red blood cells and plasma by GC/MS in the NICI mode. J. Chromatogr. B, 876, 83-88 (2008).
• Grav,H.J., Asiedu,D.K. and Berge,R.K., Gas chromatographic measurement of 3-thia and 4-thia fatty acids incorporated into various classes of rat liver lipids during feeding experiments. J. Chromatogr. B, 658, 1-10 (1994).
• Grigoriadou,D., Androulaki,A., Psomiadou,E. and Tsimidou,M.Z. Solid phase extraction in the analysis of squalene and tocopherols in olive oil. Food Chem., 105, 675-680 (2007).
• Guido,D.M., McKenna,R. and Mathews,W.R., Quantitation of hydroperoxy-eicosatetraenoic acids and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids as indicators of lipid peroxidation using GC-MS. Anal. Biochem., 209, 123-129 (1993).
• Gutierrez,A.,. del Rýo,J.C., Gonzalez-Vila,F.J. and Martýn,F. Analysis of lipophilic extractives from wood and pitch deposits by solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography. J. Chromatogr. A, 823, 449-455 (1998).
• Hagerman,R.A., Anthony,M.J. and Willis,R.A. Solid-phase extraction of lipid from Saccharomyces cerevisiae followed by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of coenzyme Q content. Anal. Biochem., 296, 141-143 (2001).
• Ham,B.M., Cole,R.B. and Jacob,J.T. Identification and comparison of the polar phospholipids in normal and dry eye rabbit tears by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 47, 3330-3338 (2006).
• Hardison,S., Weintraub,S.T. and Giuffrida,A. Quantification of endocannabinoids in rat biological samples by GC/MS: Technical and theoretical considerations. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediators, 81, 106-112 (2006).
• Hartmann,M., Ammon,J. and Berg,H. Determination of radiation-induced hydrocarbons in processed food and complex lipid matrices: a new solid phase extraction (SPE) method for detection of irradiated components in food. Res. Techn., 204, 231-236 (1997).
• Hauff,S., Hottinger,G. and Vetter,W. Enantioselective analysis of chiral anteiso fatty acids in the polar and neutral lipids of food. Lipids, 45, 357-365 (2010).
• Hauff,S., Rilfors,L., Hottinger,G. and Vetter,W. Structure and absolute configuration of an unsaturated anteiso fatty acid from Bacillus megaterium. J. Chromatogr. A, 1217, 1683-1687 (2010).
• Hauff,S. and Vetter,W. Quantitation of cis- and trans-monounsaturated fatty acids in dairy products and cod liver oil by mass spectrometry in the selected ion monitoring mode. J. Agric. Food Chem., 57, 3423-3430 (2009).
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